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                <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../01-background/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Background</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../02-requirements/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Hardware/knowledge requirements</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../03-setup/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Setting up a development environment</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../03-setup/linux.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Linux</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../03-setup/windows.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Windows</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../03-setup/macos.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> macOS</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../03-setup/verify.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Verify the installation</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../04-meet-your-hardware/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Meet your hardware</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> LED roulette</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/build-it.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Build it</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/flash-it.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Flash it</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/debug-it.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Debug it</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/the-led-and-delay-abstractions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> The led and delay abstractions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/the-challenge.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> The challenge</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../05-led-roulette/my-solution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> My solution</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../06-hello-world/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Hello, world!</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../06-hello-world/panic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> panic!</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../07-registers/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Registers</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../07-registers/rtrm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> RTRM</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../07-registers/optimization.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> (mis)Optimization</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../07-registers/bad-address.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> 0xBAAAAAAD address</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../07-registers/spooky-action-at-a-distance.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> Spooky action at a distance</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../07-registers/type-safe-manipulation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> Type safe manipulation</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../08-leds-again/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> LEDs, again</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../08-leds-again/power.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> Power</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../08-leds-again/configuration.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> Configuration</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../08-leds-again/the-solution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> The solution</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Clocks and timers</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/for-loop-delays.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> for loop delays</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/nop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> NOP</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/one-shot-timer.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> One-shot timer</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/initialization.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> Initialization</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/busy-waiting.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.5.</strong> Busy waiting</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../09-clocks-and-timers/putting-it-all-together.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.6.</strong> Putting it all together</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../10-serial-communication/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> Serial communication</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../10-serial-communication/nix-tooling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> *nix tooling</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../10-serial-communication/windows-tooling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.2.</strong> Windows tooling</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../10-serial-communication/loopbacks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.3.</strong> Loopbacks</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> USART</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/send-a-single-byte.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> Send a single byte</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/send-a-string.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> Send a string</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/buffer-overrun.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.3.</strong> Buffer overrun</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/uprintln.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.4.</strong> uprintln!</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/receive-a-single-byte.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.5.</strong> Receive a single byte</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/echo-server.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.6.</strong> Echo server</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/reverse-a-string.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.7.</strong> Reverse a string</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-usart/my-solution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.8.</strong> My solution</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../12-bluetooth-setup/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> Bluetooth setup</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../12-bluetooth-setup/linux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> Linux</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../12-bluetooth-setup/loopback.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> Loopback</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../12-bluetooth-setup/at-commands.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> AT commands</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../13-serial-over-bluetooth/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> Serial over Bluetooth</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-i2c/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> I2C</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-i2c/the-general-protocol.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.</strong> The general protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-i2c/lsm303dlhc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.</strong> LSM303DLHC</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-i2c/read-a-single-register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.3.</strong> Read a single register</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-i2c/the-solution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.4.</strong> The solution</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-i2c/read-several-registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.5.</strong> Read several registers</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> LED compass</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/take-1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.</strong> Take 1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/solution-1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.</strong> Solution 1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/take-2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.</strong> Take 2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/solution-2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.</strong> Solution 2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/magnitude.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.5.</strong> Magnitude</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-led-compass/calibration.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.6.</strong> Calibration</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../16-punch-o-meter/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.</strong> Punch-o-meter</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../16-punch-o-meter/gravity-is-up.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.1.</strong> Gravity is up?</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../16-punch-o-meter/the-challenge.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.2.</strong> The challenge</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../16-punch-o-meter/my-solution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.3.</strong> My solution</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../explore.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.</strong> What's left for you to explore</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../appendix/1-general-troubleshooting/index.html">General troubleshooting</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../appendix/2-how-to-use-gdb/index.html">How to use GDB</a></li><li class="spacer"></li></ol>
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                    <h1 class="menu-title">Discovery</h1>

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                        <h1 id="linux"><a class="header" href="#linux">Linux</a></h1>
<p>Here are the installation commands for a few Linux distributions.</p>
<h2 id="required-packages"><a class="header" href="#required-packages">REQUIRED packages</a></h2>
<h3 id="ubuntu-1804-or-newer--debian-stretch-or-newer"><a class="header" href="#ubuntu-1804-or-newer--debian-stretch-or-newer">Ubuntu 18.04 or newer / Debian stretch or newer</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>NOTE</strong> <code>gdb-multiarch</code> is the GDB command you'll use to debug your ARM
Cortex-M programs</p>
</blockquote>
<!-- Debian stretch -->
<!-- GDB 7.12 -->
<!-- OpenOCD 0.9.0 -->
<!-- Ubuntu 18.04 -->
<!-- GDB 8.1 -->
<!-- OpenOCD 0.10.0 -->
<pre><code class="language-console">sudo apt-get install \
  gdb-multiarch \
  minicom \
  openocd
</code></pre>
<h3 id="ubuntu-1404-and-1604"><a class="header" href="#ubuntu-1404-and-1604">Ubuntu 14.04 and 16.04</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>NOTE</strong> <code>arm-none-eabi-gdb</code> is the GDB command you'll use to debug your ARM
Cortex-M programs</p>
</blockquote>
<!-- Ubuntu 14.04 -->
<!-- GDB 7.6 -->
<!-- OpenOCD 0.7.0 -->
<pre><code class="language-console">sudo apt-get install \
  gdb-arm-none-eabi \
  minicom \
  openocd
</code></pre>
<h3 id="fedora-23-or-newer"><a class="header" href="#fedora-23-or-newer">Fedora 23 or newer</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-console">sudo dnf install \
  minicom \
  openocd \
  gdb
</code></pre>
<h3 id="arch-linux"><a class="header" href="#arch-linux">Arch Linux</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>NOTE</strong> <code>arm-none-eabi-gdb</code> is the GDB command you'll use to debug your ARM
Cortex-M programs</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="language-console">sudo pacman -S \
  arm-none-eabi-gdb \
  minicom \
  openocd
</code></pre>
<h3 id="other-distros"><a class="header" href="#other-distros">Other distros</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>NOTE</strong> <code>arm-none-eabi-gdb</code> is the GDB command you'll use to debug your ARM
Cortex-M programs</p>
</blockquote>
<p>For distros that don't have packages for <a href="https://developer.arm.com/open-source/gnu-toolchain/gnu-rm/downloads">ARM's pre-built
toolchain</a>,
download the &quot;Linux 64-bit&quot; file and put its <code>bin</code> directory on your path.
Here's one way to do it:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">mkdir -p ~/local &amp;&amp; cd ~/local
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="language-console">tar xjf /path/to/downloaded/file/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10-2020-q4-major-x86_64-linux.tar.bz2
</code></pre>
<p>Then, use your editor of choice to append to your <code>PATH</code> in the appropriate
shell init file (e.g. <code>~/.zshrc</code> or <code>~/.bashrc</code>):</p>
<pre><code>PATH=$PATH:$HOME/local/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10-2020-q4-major-x86_64-linux/bin
</code></pre>
<h2 id="optional-packages"><a class="header" href="#optional-packages">Optional packages</a></h2>
<h3 id="ubuntu--debian"><a class="header" href="#ubuntu--debian">Ubuntu / Debian</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-console">sudo apt-get install \
  bluez \
  rfkill
</code></pre>
<h3 id="fedora"><a class="header" href="#fedora">Fedora</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-console">sudo dnf install \
  bluez \
  rfkill
</code></pre>
<h3 id="arch-linux-1"><a class="header" href="#arch-linux-1">Arch Linux</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-console">sudo pacman -S \
  bluez \
  bluez-utils \
  rfkill
</code></pre>
<h2 id="udev-rules"><a class="header" href="#udev-rules">udev rules</a></h2>
<p>These rules let you use USB devices like the F3 and the Serial module without root privilege, i.e.
<code>sudo</code>.</p>
<p>Create <code>99-openocd.rules</code> in <code>/etc/udev/rules.d</code> using the <code>idVendor</code> and <code>idProduct</code>
from the <code>lsusb</code> output.</p>
<p>For example, connect the STM32F3DISCOVERY to your computer using a USB cable.
Be sure to connect the cable to the &quot;USB ST-LINK&quot; port, the USB port in the
center of the edge of the board.</p>
<p>Execute <code>lsusb</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">lsusb | grep ST-LINK
</code></pre>
<p>It should result in something like:</p>
<pre><code>$ lsusb | grep ST-LINK
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0483:374b STMicroelectronics ST-LINK/V2.1
</code></pre>
<p>So the <code>idVendor</code> is <code>0483</code> and <code>idProduct</code> is <code>374b</code>.</p>
<h3 id="create-etcudevrulesd99-openocdrules"><a class="header" href="#create-etcudevrulesd99-openocdrules">Create <code>/etc/udev/rules.d/99-openocd.rules</code>:</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-console">sudo vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-openocd.rules
</code></pre>
<p>With the contents:</p>
<pre><code class="language-text"># STM32F3DISCOVERY - ST-LINK/V2.1
ATTRS{idVendor}==&quot;0483&quot;, ATTRS{idProduct}==&quot;374b&quot;, MODE:=&quot;0666&quot;
</code></pre>
<h4 id="for-older-devices-with-optional-usb---ft232-based-serial-module"><a class="header" href="#for-older-devices-with-optional-usb---ft232-based-serial-module">For older devices with OPTIONAL USB &lt;-&gt; FT232 based Serial Module</a></h4>
<p>Create <code>/etc/udev/rules.d/99-ftdi.rules</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">sudo vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-openocd.rules
</code></pre>
<p>With the contents:</p>
<pre><code class="language-text"># FT232 - USB &lt;-&gt; Serial Converter
ATTRS{idVendor}==&quot;0403&quot;, ATTRS{idProduct}==&quot;6001&quot;, MODE:=&quot;0666&quot;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="reload-the-udev-rules-with"><a class="header" href="#reload-the-udev-rules-with">Reload the udev rules with:</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-console">sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
</code></pre>
<p>If you had any board plugged to your computer, unplug them and then plug them in again.</p>
<p>Now, go to the <a href="verify.html">next section</a>.</p>

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